Journal articles: 'Truck accidents Truck accidents Traffic safety' – Grafiati (2024)

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The paper is intended to analyze trucks rear-end accident by applying fishbone diagram and fault tree analysis methods and study the countermeasures. And applying fishbone diagram to analyze the cause of trucks rear-end collision accidents systematically and logically and classify the accidents cause. The paper drew the fault tree of trucks rear-end collision accidents, sought the way of controlling the accidents through least path-set of fault tree, and found the main factors that influence the truck traffic safety according to the result of structure importance level. According to the analysis of the fishbone diagram and fault tree results, the paper researched the preventive measures of truck traffic accidents, and draws up safety checklist to ensure the effective implementation of the measures.

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In many jurisdictions, unsafe trucking firms account for a significant number of highway accidents. One way to reduce these accidents is to identify firms with a high potential for accidents and to target them for appropriate safety interventions. Vehicle roadside inspection programmes, such as Roadcheck, can provide an effective means of identifying high-risk trucking firms, based on vehicle-driver fitness rates. This paper makes use of the 1995 Ontario Roadcheck database to establish a link between vehicle roadside inspections aggregated at the carrier level and the carrier accident risk potential in the same year. In Roadcheck, trucks which are selected randomly from the traffic stream passing each inspection station are monitored for a range of mechanical defects, such as brake, suspension system, engine, and tire defects. The focus of this paper is to identify carriers with a high accident risk potential with respect to those accidents which are caused primarily by lack of truck fleet mechanical fitness. Preliminary results suggest that roadside inspections provide a simple, reliable way of establishing a trucking firm's accident risk potential (especially where truck fleet fitness is the central concern). The approach appears to be especially suited as a low-cost screening method for targeting high-risk trucking firms for appropriate safety interventions.Key words: truck, mechanical fitness, carrier, accident risk.

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Mountainous freeways always suffer from accidents due to special terrain, weather conditions, driving environment, and so on. Based on the records of 898 accidents that occurred on mountainous freeways in Chongqing during the past 6 years, the partial proportional odds model is used to identify the factors affecting the accident severity. The time of the accident, season, involvement of trucks, accident characteristics, speeding, maximum driving experience of involved drivers, and weather and road conditions are found to be important for the levels of accident severity. Zero to 6 a.m. and 19 to 24 p.m. are the times prone to serious traffic accidents. The probability of serious traffic accidents in summer and autumn is greater than that in spring and winter. Once a truck is involved in an accident, the consequence is often more severe. Turnover and speeding will result in a grave accident. When there is an experienced driver, the probability of serious traffic accidents is low. The fog is extremely unfavorable weather conditions. The probability of serious accident happening in the downgrade, ramp, curve, bridge, and tunnel sections is greater than the others. The results aim to provide valuable reference for traffic safety on mountainous freeways.

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Accidents involving large trucks very often end up with deadly consequences. Innocent people getting killed are acknowledged globally as one of the traffic safety greatest problems and challenges. While risk factors on truck-related accidents have been researched extensively, the impact on fatalities has received little or no attention, especially considering rural and urban areas, respectively. In this study, the generalized ordered logit model was used in Stata 11.0 to explore the complex mechanism of truck-related accidents in different areas. Data were obtained from The Trucks in Fatal Accidents database (TIFA). The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) indicates that the model used in this paper is superior to traditional ordered logit model. The results showed that 9 variables affect the vehicle damage level in a fatal crash in both areas but with different directions. Furthermore, 23 indicators significantly affect the disabling damage in the same manner. Also, there are factors that are significant solely in one area and not in the other: 12 in rural and 2 in urban areas.

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Data Global Status Report on Road Safety released by WHO in 2012 showed as many as 1.24 million people worldwide died from traffi c accidents. According to the Police Data Korlantas 2011–2013, Trucks ranks third as a vehicle that frequent accidents. Based on these conditions, do research on the truck driver in the company “X” Pasuruan. This study aims to determine the relationship between working time, rest time and the type of personality through the big fi ve personality theory with a history of occupational accidents suff ered by truckers in the company “X”. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The subject of this study was the truck driver as many as 70 peopletaken by simple random sampling technique. This research was conducted in the town of Pasuruan in 2016. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. Results of this research, between working time and rest time with a history of occupational accidents were no relationship. Meanwhile there were relationship between the type of Conscientiousness in the big fi ve personality with a history of occupational accidents according to statistics chi-square test with sig 0.036. The driver who had a history of workplace accidents is dominated by a driver with that type has a characteristic is not intended or too much pursuit of the goal, lazy, inattentive, reckless, undisciplined, and likes to have fun. It can be considered companies in the recruitment process.Keywords: truck driver, big fi ve personality, occupational accidents

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Road traffic injuries are estimated to be one of the major causes of death worldwide and a majority of them occur in low- and middle income countries. In that respect, further studies that address to determine risk factors that may influence road traffic injury severities in the corresponding countries may contribute the existing road safety literature. This paper determines possible risk factors influencing road traffic injury severity in north-eastern Turkey. For this purpose, a retrospective cross-sectional study is conducted analysing 11,771 traffic accidents reported by the police during the sample period of 2008-2013. As the accident severity is inherently ordered, the data are analysed using both ordered and unordered response models. The estimation results reveal that several driver (age and education level), accident (speeding violation, avoiding manoeuvre and right-of-way rule), vehicle (bus/minivan, single-unit truck/heavy truck, private and single vehicles), temporal (time of day, morning peak, evening peak), environmental (summer and cloudy or rainy weather), geometry (asphalt road and road class type), and control characteristics (presence of crosswalk and traffic lights) were found to have an impact on injury severity. This paper is most probably the first attempt to analyse possible risk factors of road traffic injury severities in Turkey using both ordered and unordered response models. The evidence of this study may be valuable for future road safety policies in emerging countries.

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There were 496 work zone traffic accidents on New York State Department of Transportation construction projects from 1994 through 1996. These accidents involved impacts with work zone traffic control devices and safety features; construction features, such as pavement bumps and joints; drainage features; excavations and materials; and construction vehicles, equipment, and workers. These items, which include all of the features introduced into the roadway environment by construction activity, represent one-third of all work zone accidents and 37 percent of those involving serious injury. Channelizing devices, arrow panels, signs, and other traffic control devices generally resulted in little harm when impacted. Impact attenuators, both fixed and truck mounted, also performed well. Although portable concrete barriers prevent vehicle intrusions, impacts with barrier are severe events. Barriers must be properly designed and limited to only those locations where they are needed to protect more serious hazards. Construction vehicles, equipment, and workers were involved in over 20 percent of all work zone accidents, resulting in serious injuries. Although intrusions by private vehicles into work spaces are a serious concern, construction vehicles, equipment, and workers in open travel lanes are also a serious concern. Good design of work zone traffic control plans, combined with adequate training and supervision of workers, is essential to control both concerns.

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Deaths and injuries from traffic accidents have become health problems for people throughout the world including Indonesia. The saddest data from the victims who died due to traffic accidents found that 10,428 people were killed in 2017 because the drivers did not use seat belts. This research aims to see the relationship between the perception of safety risk i.e. the ability, knowledge and environmental factors with the behavior of the use of safety belts in truck drivers in mining companies. This research is a comparative causal research i.e. research that states the relationship of one variable causes other variables. What is affected is the dependent variable, namely the use of safety belt behavior and the influencing variable is the independent variable, namely the perception of the risk of driving safety. Participants are 25 mining company truck drivers. The data obtained is then processed and analyzed using the SPSS version 16. Based on the results of data processing and analysis, it is found that the ability, knowledge and work environment factors have an influence on the safety belt usage behavior.

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The goal of the research is to determine how compensation affects the safety behavior of truck drivers and consequently the frequency of traffic accidents. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a sample of 220 truck drivers in international road transport in the EU, where the results of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) show that in the current state of the transport sector, financial and non-financial incentives have a positive impact on the work and safety behavior of drivers. Financial incentives also have an impact on drivers’ increased perception of their driving ability, while moving violations continue to have a major impact on the number of accidents. The proposed improvements enable decision-makers at the highest level to adopt legal solutions to help manage the issues that have been affecting the industry from a work, social and safety point of view for the past several years. The results of the research therefore represent an important guideline for improvements to the legislature as well as in the systematization of truck driver compensation within companies.

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The paper discuss the issues of safe transport of goods by road transport in the aspect of constantly increasing traffic intensity. The aspiration of the transport companies owners is to maximize profits even at the price of non-compliance with applicable traffic regulations, especially in the field of drivers' working hours. It often causes dangerous traffic situations, resulting in accidents, and their main cause is driver fatigue. The paper presents research regarding the knowledge of traffic regulations, in particular on the applicable standards of working time for truck drivers. The most frequent causes of violation of driver's working time frame caused by the drivers themselves, as well as forced by transport companies owners, forwarders or dispatchers were subject to the research. The ergonomic conditions of the driver’s cabin and trucks equipment as well as the health consequences of professional drivers were also analyzed.

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The number of registered commercial freight vehicles is constantly increasing, increasing therefore as well the traffic load on the roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A significant part of freight vehicles moving along the main and regional roads are overloaded and cause significant damage to road infrastructure, affect road safety and result in an increase of emissions of harmful gases for people and the environment. The overloading rate is extremely high, in particular with 5-axle trucks representing 58.7%. The research showed that the increased overload level ranges from 10-20% of the maximum permissible weight. The importance of load limits was recognized early in the history of road development. This interrelation led directly to limitations on vehicle loads, and laws were enacted in many countries to establish the maximum allowable motor vehicle sizes and weights. Strict enforcement of motor vehicle size and weight laws is a step toward reducing motor vehicle size and weight violations, heavy truck accidents, and, even more, improving road maintenance, rehabilitation expenditures and road safety. Thus, based on the applied model the objective of this paper is to evaluate and optimize the locations of truck weigh stations on the road network of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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BackgroundThis study looked at occupational road crashes and work schedule among truck and bus drivers in comparison to other drivers and motorists on the road of Metro manila which is one of the cities globally with a high traffic density. One of the most precarious work occupations is driving especially buses used for public transportation, and trucks for commercial activities. This is most astute in the metrolopolis.MethodsThe study used meta-analysis of previous studies conducted, grey literature, government statistics, and validation through key database research in concerned national government agencies involved in road traffic from 2010–2015.ResultsThe study found that the in terms of the number of public utility vehicles registered in Metro Manila (2015), 51.27% were buses and 20.21% were trucks. Majority of the drivers worked more than 12 hours a day. In terms of time and peak of accidents, it is alarming to note that about 35% of the road crashes occurred from 22–23 gmt (2010–2015), and 30% from 23–24 (2010–2015) gmt. Human error accounted for the overwhelming cause of road crashes such as drunk driving, beating the red light, sleepiness, accounting for 99.52% in 2012, 99.47% in 2013, 95.33% in 2014, and 97.19% in 2015. Majority of the drivers worked over prolonged hours on the road that may cause fatigue and sleepiness which are the highest risk factor to road accident based on the study.ConclusionThe study has shown how risky driving is as an occupation especially due to the work schedule and work issues. The study suggests developing better information, education and communication campaign as well as policies particularly on work conditions favorable to bus and truck drivers, and likewise, considering work schedule in road safety among drivers which composes one of the risky occupations.

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Abstract Although the occurrence of road accidents and the number of road accident casualties in almost all Polish voivodeships has decreased over the last few years, the rate of this change varies considerably from region to region. To provide a better understanding of such a tendency, panel data regression models are proposed to conduct this pilot research which evaluates the relative performance of Polish regions in terms of their road traffic safety. Panel data are multi-dimensional data which involve measurements over time. In the research, a voivodeship is a unit analysed at a group level, whereas a year is a unit analysed at a time level. A two-way error component regression model has been applied to survey the impact of regressors, the group effects, and time effects on a dependent variable. The analysis has been conducted using data acquired from the Statistics Poland Local Data Bank website, as well as from the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways. The panel data from 16 regions in Poland and the 2012–2018 period have been investigated. The examined models refer to road traffic safety indices defined based on the following characteristics: the number of road accidents, the number road fatalities, and the number of people injured. The results of all the three models indicate a negative effect as regards the GDP per capita, (car) motorisation rate, the indicator of government expenditure for current maintenance of national roads, and the road length per capita. A positive association has been found between the truck motorisation rate and the indicator of local government expenditure on roads. The impact of the region's urbanisation indicators on road safety is ambiguous as, on the one hand, its increase causes a reduction in the road accident and accident injury indices, but, on the other hand, it produces a rise in the accident fatality index. In the models, the significance of time effects has been identified; a decreasing time trend suggests a general improvement in road safety from year to year. Most of the group effects have turned out to be highly significant. However, the effects differ as regards both the road accident and the accident injury indices in magnitude and direction.

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In 2015, there were 55 deaths from 6,231 accident cases that occurred in Jakarta. A severe problem in Indonesia is the absence of a unique safety device in both commercial transport or personal vehicles and the very high complexity problem of human highways. Consequently, there are many traffic accidents caused by the negligence of the driver, such as driving a vehicle in a drunken, tired, drowsy, or over-limit speed. Therefore, it needs to be innovative using devices to increase speed but able to detect the level of tired or sleepy drivers. This paper tries to propose a concept of improving safety engineering by developing devices that can control the speed and level of safety of trucks and buses, named SLIFA. The proposed device captures the driver's condition by looking at the eyes, size of mouth evaporating, and heart rate conditions. Theses condition will be measured with a particular scale to determine the fatigue level of the driver. Some performance tests have been carried out on truck and bus with 122 Nm and 112 Nm torque wheels and 339 HP and 329 HP power values, respectively, and the minimum speed is 62 km/h. At a top speed of 70 km / h, the torque and power of the truck are 135Nm and 370HP, with average fuel consumption of 3.43 liters/km before SLIFA installation and average fuel consumption of 4.2 liters/km after SLIFA installation. SLIFA can be said to have functional eligibility and can cut fuel consumption by 81 percent.

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The government is always looking at the latest technology that can ensure safety of road users, as outlined in the construction industry transformation plan. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, (The Rolling Barrier) which had continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Rolling Barrier” and to understand the Rolling Barrier’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicles running direction and the required strength of barriers. They convert that impact energy into rotational energy to propel the vehicle forward rather than potentially breaking through an immovable barrier. When a car hits the barrier, the rotating barrel converts shock from the vehicle to rotational energy. Upper and lower frames adjust tires of large and small vehicles to prevent the steering system from a functional loss. The Rolling Barrier can be effectively used in curved roads sections, ramps, medians and entrance or exit ramps in parking garages. In this paper, the description and studies of Rolling Barriers are elaborated. In 2015, there were 63,805 traffic accidents over on the Maharashtra, India, with 54.2 % composed of vehicles that crashed into longitudinal barriers. Such accidents can be drastically reduced if more safe barriers are installed for traffic safety. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, the Rolling Barrier (RB), which has continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the RB & to understand the RB’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicle’s running direction & the required strength of barriers. Experiments with barriers performance & crashing vehicle behavior at curved sections using a 1.3-ton passenger car & a 3.5-ton truck showed satisfactory vehicle behavior as they ran parallel with the RB after crashing. The structural problem of the RB wasn’t found during the time of the crash. In the strength performance test using the 8-ton truck & in the passenger protection test using the 1.3-ton passenger car, the RB satisfied the Ministry of Construction & Transportation’s “ Guidelines for Installation & Management of Road Safety Facilities.” The differences between the RB & conventional barriers where crash cushioning & required strength of barriers were involved were verified by mathematical equations. The RB can be effectively used in curved road sections, ramps, medians & entrance/exit ramps in parking garages. Keywords: -accidents, longitudinal barrier, rolling barrier, traffic barrier, vehicle, collision

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“The sins of the fathers are to be laid upon the children.”Just after midnight on March 21, 2003, a drunk stood on a footbridge over a motorway in a village in Surrey in southern England. After eight pints of beer, he was drunk enough to decide to drop a brick from the overpass into traffic to see if he could hit something; unfortunately, he was not so drunk that he missed. The brick crashed through the windshield on the driver's side of a truck. It hit the driver, Michael Little, in the chest, triggering a fatal heart attack. He stayed conscious long enough to pull the truck safely to the side of the road, thereby perhaps saving other motorists; then he died. The crime was widely publicized, as was the driver's role in preventing any further accidents.

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In 2015, it has been reported that road traffic fatality rate in Thailand ranks number 2 in the world at 36.2 per 100,000 with an annual estimate of 66 deaths every day. Based on the survey of the Road Safety Group Thailand in 2017, at least one student got injury by school transport each day. A recent survey also revealed that the number of private hire pick-up trucks as school buses in Thailand, especially in upcountry areas, is increasing due to its lower cost in comparison to that of a van or a minibus. To get the optimal capacity as vans or minibuses, pick-up trucks’ roofs were converted for the highest passenger number at the lowest cost. Therefore, to focus on the strength of converted pick-up truck’s roof is required to help reduce losses in terms of both human injury and inside cabin’s damage due to rollover accidents. This article demonstrates an approach to design the vehicle’s roof as a superstructure of school pick-up truck based on design inputs, including structural strength, capability of local motor vehicle mechanics, nature of drivers, and nature of passengers. Explicit dynamic finite element analysis is applied to simulate the investigation on full-scale prototype according to American Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No 220 standard. To validate the numerical analysis results, the roof crush test of full-scale roof prototype is performed. The analysis results showed the accurate prediction on the strength and the corresponding deformations of the full-scale prototype. These findings provide means of evaluating the strength of vehicle’s roof, which can be further applied as a guideline for national regulation. This study is planned to bring this tried prototype: the superstructure of school pick-up truck’s roof, to use in a commercial scale.

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Electric bicyclists are vulnerable road users and play an important role in traffic safety. The focus of this research is on analyzing cyclists’ injury severity in vehicle-electric bicycle collisions. It is an exploratory analysis that was conducted based on samples obtained from video data provided by the police of Xi’an China. Three types of severity include fatal, injury, and property-damage-only (PDO). A random parameter logit (RPL) model was specified to gain more insights into factors related to the injury severity level, including human behaviors, vehicle characteristics, roadway attributes, and environmental conditions. Some factors not included in previous research were introduced into this study, especially precrash behaviors of drivers and cyclists. The direct pseudo-elasticity effects of variables were compared to investigate the stability of individual parameter estimates on the severity categories. The results indicated that variables that significantly increment the probability of fatal accidents were as follows: driver violation behaviors (speeding, red-light violation, driving in the opposite direction), cyclist violation behaviors (speeding, red-light violation), day of time (nighttime), visibility restrictions (fixed obstacles), and vehicle type (larger bus, small truck, and larger truck). Based on these findings, we suggested measures such as strengthening law enforcement by installing cameras, implementing zero tolerance for cyclist violations, promoting education by completing training courses for cyclists, and enhancing traffic safety awareness through educational activities. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for formulating strategies to improve cyclist safety.

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The location technology of Truck Escape Ramp(TER) is the important guarantee for fully developing the TER actions and ensuring operation safety of heavy vehicles on long-steep downgrade. In order to improve the precision of TER location, this paper thoroughly analyzed the influence factors of TER location from the view of traffic accidents statistical data, road conditions and vehicle status. Expounded the theory of fuzzy rough set. Put forward the method of highway TER location based on fuzzy rough set. Used this method to evaluate the running safety of the unit sections on the long-steep downgrade. Calculated the comprehensive safety index values of sample sections and made ones with high comprehensive safety index values as the candidate sections for TER. Determined the accurate positions of the TER based on comparison of the comprehensive safety index value of adjacent candidate sections. Setting effect shows that the TER position determined by the method are scientific and rational.

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Dalam perkembangan teknologi mobil sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan manusia mobil dilengkapi dengan perangkat keamanan yaitu safety belt. Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia. Polda Metro Jaya menindak sekitar 235 pengendara yang tidak menggunakan safety belt dan di Bandung pelanggaran mengenai penggunaan safety belt ± 400 pelanggaran. Data kecelakaan dari Ditjen Perhubungan Darat tahun 2009 total korban kecelakaan pada tahun 2011 mencapai 176.763 orang, dengan rincian 31.185 meninggal dunia, 36.767 luka berat dan 108.811 menderita luka ringan. Menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh Institut Analisis CEESAR, mengatakan jumlah pengemudi truk yang meninggal dan terluka dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas dapat dikurangi 40% jika mereka semua menggunakan safety belt. UU No 14 tahun 1992 tentang kewajiban menggunakan safety belt, pelanggaran ini dapat dikenakan pidana kurungan 1 bulan atau denda Rp1000.000. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pengemudi dengan perilaku penggunaan safety belt di PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah desain cross sectional, dengan populasi seluruh pengemudi di PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon sebanyak 70 responden dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total populasi. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5% (0,05).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara umur dengan perilaku penggunaan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,647), ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,621) dan ada hubungan antara masa kerja dengan perilaku penggunan safety belt (Pvalue = 0,000).Kata Kunci : Karakteristik pengemudi, perilaku penggunaan safety belt. ABSTRACTIn the development of automobile technology is very important for human life cars are equipped with safety devices that safety belt. Traffic accidents are one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia, the Jakarta Police crack down on about 235 riders who do not use the safety belt and in Bandung violations regarding the use of safety belt ± 400 violations. Accident data from the Directorate General of Land Transportation of 2009 total accident victims in 2011 reached 176 763 people, with details of 31 185 dead, 36 767 serious injuries and 108 811 suffered minor injuries. According to studies conducted by the Institute of Analysis CEESAR, said the number of truck drivers killed and injured in traffic accidents can be reduced by 40% if they are all using a safety belt. Law No. 14 of 1992 on the obligation to use safety belt, this offense is liable to imprisonment for one month or a fine Rp1000.000. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship with the behavioral characteristics of the driver's safety belt use in PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon 2015. This study uses a questionnaire research instruments. The study design was cross-sectional design, with the entire population of the driver in the PT Cipta Hasil Sugiarto Cirebon many as 70 respondents and sampling using the method of the total population. Data were statistically analyzed using chi square test at 5% significance level (0.05).The results showed no relationship between age and the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000), there was no correlation between level of education and the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.647), there is a relationship between knowledge and behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000) , there is no relationship between attitude and behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.621) and there is a relationship between the period of employment with the behavior of the use of safety belt (pvalue = 0.000).Keywords: Driver characteristics, safety belt usage behavior.

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Aggressive driving is common across the world. While most aggressive driving is conscious, some aggressive driving behavior may be unconscious on part of motor vehicle drivers. Perceptual bias of aggressive driving behavior is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. This paper focuses on identifying impact factors related to aggressive driving perceptual bias. Questionnaire data from 690 drivers, collected from a drivers’ retraining course administered by the Traffic Management Bureau in Nanjing, China, were used to collect drivers’ socioeconomic characteristics, personality traits, and external environment data. Actual penalty points were considered as an objective indicator and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) was used to cluster an objective indicator into different levels. The driving anger expression (DAX) was used to measure drivers’ self-assessment of aggressive driving behavior and then to identify perceptual biases. Then a binary logistic model was estimated to explore the influence of different factors on drivers’ perceptual bias of aggressive driving behavior. Results showed that bus drivers were less likely to have perceptual bias of aggressive driving behavior. Truck drivers, drivers with an extraversion characteristic, and drivers who have dissatisfaction with road infrastructure and actual work were likely to have a perceptual bias. The findings are potentially beneficial for proposing targeted countermeasures to identify dangerous drivers and improve drivers’ safety awareness.

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Construction activities on highway projects are the key source of safety risks to workers and motorists. Workplace fatalities and injuries have significantly reduced since 1970 after implementation of OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) regulations. However, ergonomic injuries caused by ergonomic risk factors such as awkward or sustained posture, forceful exertion or stain, contract pressure, exposure to vibration, extreme heat or cold environment have major impact on the productivity and safety on the highway construction sites. The paper focuses on identifying the existing safety practices that aid to prevent ergonomic injuries at the highway construction sites. A comprehensive review of literature reveals that majority of work place injuries and fatality victims are from private employment whereas a very few injuries coming from the state or local government employees from contractors. The primary data was collected using questionnaire survey, interview and observations and the spreadsheet was used to analyse the collected data about the causes of workplace injuries and possible measures. The survey results reveal that the most of the injuries such as musculoskeletal disorders, strain and accidents transpired due to the collision with equipment and vehicle!s related incidents. Dump truck, tippers, motor graders and cars cause the frequently reported workplace injuries. The paper concludes that use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), compliance to safety regulations, improving traffic control system and changing the culture of employers and employees are possible safety practices need to be adopted to mitigate the ergonomic workplace injuries in the highway construction projects particularly in the developing and least developed countries.

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Curved section is one of the sections where happened extraordinarily serious traffic accidents in China. Until now, one kind of the traffic safety evaluation method based on the accident indexes, the other based on the non-accident indexes, just as the traffic conflict technique. But there are difficulties in collecting data when the evaluation of traffic safety on specific road sections is applied. So, one safety evaluation method for the curved sections is putting forward, in which the deviation value between the driving track and safe trajectory is used as the evaluation index, and the gray evaluation method is applied. The case study shows that, the method in this paper could be a new way for traffic safety evaluation.

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Several statistics concerning the occurrence of accidents on the most important fraction of the Mexican highway system (basic network) are given. The involvement of cargo trucks in these accidents is discussed. The factors that contribute most to the occurrence of accidents are identified. Among these factors, those related to the speed of the vehicles that make up the traffic flows stand out. An economic analysis to determine the optimum speed limits and highway design speeds is provided. This analysis is based on depicting, for a given road section, the trend of vehicle operating costs (VOCs), accident costs, and the sum of both with respect to speed. The trend of accident costs is determined from assessment of the average cost per accident in the basic network and prediction of the variation of accident rate with respect to mean flow speed. The VOC trend is obtained by using the World Bank VOC model, calibrated for Mexican conditions. Some recommendations for improving existing speed laws and the enforcement of the regulating system are presented. Other actions for generating a national road safety program are mentioned.

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Little research has been conducted to evaluate the traffic safety of toll plazas and the impact of electronic toll collection (ETC) systems on highway safety, but analyses indicate that toll plazas do contribute to traffic accidents. Traffic safety issues related to toll plazas and ETC systems were studied using the 1999 and 2000 toll plaza traffic accident reports of the Central Florida expressway system. The analysis focused on accident location with respect to the plaza structure (before, at, after plaza) and driver injury severity (no injury, possible, evident, severe injuries). Two well-known artificial neural network (ANN) paradigms were investigated: the Multi-Layer Perceptron and Radial Basis Functions neural networks. The performance of ANN was compared with calibrated logit models. Modeling results showed that vehicles equipped with ETC devices, especially medium/heavy-duty trucks, have higher risk of being involved in accidents at the toll plaza structure. Also, main-line toll plazas have a higher percentage of accident occurrence upstream of the toll plaza. In terms of driver injury severity, ETC users have a higher chance of being injured when involved in an accident. Older drivers tend to have higher risk of experiencing more severe injuries than younger drivers. Female drivers have a higher chance of experiencing a severe injury than do male drivers.

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Purpose Advances in technology enable companies to collect and analyse data, which were previously not accessible, to either enhance existing business processes or create new ones. The purpose of this paper is to document the role and impact of Big Data Analytics (BDA), and the Internet of Things (IoT), in supporting a large logistics firm’s strategy to improve driver safety, lower operating costs, and reduce the environmental impact of their vehicles. Design/methodology/approach A single case with embedded units intrinsic case study method was adopted for this research and data were collected from a “real-life” situation, to create new knowledge about this emerging phenomenon. Findings Truck telematics were utilised in order to better understand, and improve, driving behaviours. Remote control centres monitor live sensor data from the company’s fleet of vehicles, capturing the likes of speed, location, braking, and engine data, to inform future training programs. A combination of truck telematics and geo-information are being used to enable proactive alerts to be sent to drivers regarding possible upcoming hazards. Camera-based technologies have been adopted to improve driver safety, and fatigue management, capturing evidence of important driving events and storing data directly to the cloud, and BDA is also being used to improve truck routing, recommend optimal fuel purchasing times/locations, and to forecast predictive and proactive maintenance schedules. Research limitations/implications The type of data collected by Company A, and similar logistics companies, has the potential to greatly inform researchers investigating autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and the physical internet. Practical implications Eco-driving, a practice informed/improved by BDA at Company A, has been linked to reductions in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, which bring both economic and environmental benefits. Technologies similar to Truckcam are growing in popularity in some parts of the world, to the point where it is now common practice to use dashcam assess of accidents to establish liability. This has implications for logistics firms, in other parts of the world, where such practices might not yet be so commonplace, and for drivers and society more broadly. Social implications Improvements in utilisation and routing have the potential to reduce traffic congestion, which is responsible for losses in productivity, increases in fuel consumption, air pollution and noise, and can incite stress, aggression, anger and unsafe behaviours in drivers. Predictive analytics, which generate refuelling and maintenance schedules, have the potential to be adopted by all vehicle manufacturers, and could generate reductions in customer fuel costs, whilst improving the performance, efficiency, and life expectancy of future motor all vehicles. The high probability of occupations in the logistics industry being replaced by computer automation in the near future is also discussed. Originality/value The findings from this research serve as a valuable case example of a real-world deployment of BDA and IoT technologies in the logistics industry, and present implications for practitioners, researchers, and society more widely.

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Frequent and serious traffic accidents have become a focal issue because they hinder the sustainable development of society. In China, roadside accidents account for 40% of fatalities resulting from traffic accidents. Roadside safety has become an important issue of traffic management departments worldwide, and performing research on roadside safety contributes to improving the level of road safety and reducing the number of traffic accidents and fatalities. By systematically sorting a large number of relevant studies, this paper analyzed the current development trends of roadside safety in terms of three aspects (i.e., the year of publication, the country of publication, and the source of publication) and then summarized the research status, existing gaps, and future development directions of roadside safety in terms of three aspects: the frequency of roadside accidents, the severity of roadside accidents, and the practice of roadside safety design. This paper reviewed the different prediction methods and evaluation models for the frequency and severity of roadside accidents. According to the number of times mentioned in the literature, the first five significant risk factors that cause frequent roadside accidents are small-radius curves, heavy traffic, objects adjacent to the lane (such as poles and trees), narrow lanes, and narrow shoulders, and the first five significant risk factors that cause fatal roadside accidents are driver age ≤25 or ≥65, alcohol, speeding, failure to use seat belts, and heavy trucks. Future research on the frequency and severity of roadside accidents should focus on quantitatively analyzing the probability of roadside accidents and occupant injury risk and developing methods for identifying roadside accident blackspots. For roadside safety design, roadside clear zones and safety slopes should be precisely quantified based on a cost-benefit analysis in future studies.

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Truck-related crash occurrences in Manhattan, New York City, are analyzed during four time blocks: morning peak (AMP, 6:00 to 10:00 a.m.), midday (MD, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.), afternoon peak (PMP, 3:00 to 7:00 p.m.), and nighttime (NT, 7:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.). The results of zero-inflated negative binomial models indicate that both the built environment and traffic flows contribute to temporal variation in truck-related crash occurrences. More specifically, tracts with larger populations and higher employment in the finance, insurance, and health care sectors tend to have fewer crashes at night. In contrast, larger household sizes and the retail, professional services, education, and accommodation industry sectors are associated with increased NT crash occurrences. In addition, if 1,000 trucks were shifted from AMP to the NT, the average tract would experience a net increase of truck crashes of 0.2160; the net increase would be 0.1948 if the trucks were shifted from the PMP to the NT. Shifting trucks from the MD to the NT reduces the count by 0.0267; this result suggests that this strategy might provide the best safety benefits. When possible induced nontruck demand is accounted for, even the largest impact on safety (during the PMP) increased crashes by only 3.56%. These findings fill the void of studies that focused on the influence of temporal effects on truck crash occurrences in congested urban settings.

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Truck-related accidents account for a substantial portion of traffic accidents. Risky driving behavior is a main cause of traffic accidents. Understanding the risky driving behavior of truck drivers is therefore important in reducing truck-related accidents. This study aimed to propose and validate a research model that integrated a theory of planned behavior, sensation seeking, and risk perception to explain the risky driving behavior of truck drivers. A total of 471 valid data were collected from Chinese truck drivers in this study. Structural equation modeling and mediation analysis were used to examine the influence of factors in the research model on the risky driving behavior of truck drivers. Results showed that sensation seeking and risk perception of truck drivers were influential in shaping their intention to drive riskily with the mediation of attitude toward risky driving. Risk perception and attitude toward risky driving also had a negative influence and positive influence on the intention, respectively. On the basis of the findings, practical recommendations for reducing the risky driving behavior of truck drivers were provided for concerned parties.

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The proposal to build the “Yangtze River Golden Waterway” strategy has enabled the shipbuilding volume of the Yangtze River trunk to grow rapidly. With the increase of ship traffic flow, the Yangtze River water traffic safety is facing severe challenges. This paper draws on the road traffic black spots and existing research methods of water traffic accidents and the definition of water traffic black spots. The DBSCAN algorithm and the accident-level weighted average method are used to establish the blackpoint identification model for waterborne traffic. The model is applied to the Yangtze River mid-stream Wuhan Port 2013-2017 water traffic safety accident as an example. Ten black spots and corresponding boundaries are identified. The black point analysis method used in this paper can effectively quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of water traffic black spots, which can provide a new theoretical basis for ensuring the safety of water traffic.

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Unconventional and conventional oil and gas (O&G) operations raise public health concerns, such as the potential impacts from trucking activity in communities that host these operations. In this work, we used two approaches to evaluate accidents in relation to O&G activities in the State of Colorado. First, we calculated the rate of truck accidents by computing the ratio of accident count and county population. When comparing counties with increased O&G operations to counties with less activity, we found that counties with more activity have greater rates of truck traffic accidents per capita (Rate Ratio = 1.07, p < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13). Second, we laid a grid over the eleven counties of interest and counted, for each cell, the number of truck accidents, the number of multivehicle accidents with injuries, the number of homes, and the number of O&G wells. We then applied hurdle count models, using the accident counts as the outcomes and the number of homes and number of wells as independent variables. We found that both independent variables are significant predictors of truck accidents and multivehicle truck accidents. These accidents are of concern since they can have an impact on the people who live near O&G operations.

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The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and limitations with objectives to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. The present study aims to explore geometric design and other factors which cause of accidents in Lahore. Data is collected from TEPA (Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency), NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan), CTP (City Traffic Police) and Rescue 1122 over a period of 3 years. Two phase sampling technique has been used. Data is carried out about demographic information, physical characteristics and geometric design of roads. All registered 356 traffic accidents have been used on Ferozpur Road, Multan Road, Canal Bank Road and Grand Trunk in Lahore. Poisson regression and negative binomial regression are discussed in this research. SPSS and R Language are used for analysis. The results show that most of accidents occur at office off timing and fatal due to reckless driving and over speeding. Mostly, cars and tralala hit the bikes and Pedestrians. The Poisson regression model gives good description of number of accidents depends on various explanatory variables. Number of lanes, type of locations and roadway light are statistically significant. Narrow Shoulder width (m), Median Width (m) and Lane width (m) increase accident occurrence. Three lanes and larger road structures increase accidents. Numbers of accident increase when Roadway, type of locations, roadway light and traffic control signals decrease.

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The quantity and damage degree caused by the traffic accidents on trunk highways always take the big part in the highway traffic accidents. Now, there are no more and complete evaluation methods for the trunk highway traffic safety. Whats more, the index system is not perfect. Based on the characters of traffic safety on trunk highways and feasible factors of information collection, this article confirms 3-level evaluation index system for 20 evaluation indexes and the evaluation methods for trunk highway traffic safety based on AHP. Taking Xiake Blvd of Jiangyin City as example, this article analyzes and proves the efficiency and feasibility of these methods. The evaluation results can provide the basis for the improvement of highway traffic safety.

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Traffic crashes involving heavy trucks long have been a major concern in the field of traffic safety because of their great effect on accident severity. The emirate of Abu Dhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirates, features a unique situation: several roads designed mainly for truck movement. Even though those roads were constructed more than 10 years ago to decrease the severity of truck-related crashes, no prior studies have examined their effects on traffic safety improvements. The goals of this study were to understand better the nature, characteristics, and causes of heavy truck crashes occurring in Abu Dhabi; to identify the factors associated with crash severities; and to examine the probability of truck crashes involving fatalities on truck roads versus on mixed-vehicle roads. Data were analyzed from a sample of 1,426 heavy truck–related crashes with reported fatalities or injuries that occurred in Abu Dhabi between 2007 and 2013. First, conditional distributions, two-way analysis, and odds ratios were performed. Second, ordered probit and structural equation models were developed. Results indicated that the likelihood of truck crashes involving fatalities was 35% higher on truck roads than on mixed-vehicle roads. In addition, findings showed that human error, driver education, location, road type, and road speed variables were significant in affecting the severity of heavy truck– related crashes. Finally, practical suggestions on how to reduce the number of heavy truck–related crashes in Abu Dhabi are presented and discussed.

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A vessel must navigate along designated routes within a harbor area to ensure navigation safety. The impact of strong currents is one of the most dangerous factors in coastal navigation. However, it is challenging to determine the deviation of a ship in advance from the ship’s position data in the case of a marine accident. In this study, to support the decision-making of ship navigators and vessel traffic service (VTS) operators in track monitoring tasks, tracks were classified according to the tidal stream, and the track distribution was analyzed according to the tidal current situations. Marine accident analysis was performed to investigate the tidal influence on ship tracks. Track data were collected for 12 months from a VTS center in Korea, and tidal information was collected through a meteorological observation buoy. Representative tracks were extracted from the track data using the support vector regression (SVR) seaway model. K-fold cross-validation and a grid search were performed to determine the optimal parameters. The ship tracks appeared in specific patterns according to the forces and directions of tidal currents, and specific deviation patterns were observed. This study is expected to contribute to the reduction of marine accidents by predicting ship trajectories according to the tidal situations in advance.

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The first aid is an important tool to save people’s lives after traffic accidents. Drivers are the most-likely bystanders, who might help injured people at the traffic accident site. The current research aims to explore Czech learner drivers‘ knowledge and attitudes towards the first aid and to evaluate whether the first aid education increases the likelihood that a driver will provide the first aid for injuries resulting from traffic accidents. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 2015 among a sample of 370 Czech learner drivers at driving schools. The two groups of student drivers were compared - those who had attended the first aid classes (FAC) and those who had not. The learner drivers who had attended an FAC are more likely to know how to treat burns and serious injuries, contain external bleeding, and unblock the respiratory track. Those who had not attended an FAC would more often hesitate to provide the first aid because they resisted taking a leadership role to organize the scene, or they did not have suitable equipment. This supports the idea that increasing the quality of the first aid training for Czech student drivers would improve the traffic safety in the Czech Republic.

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Abstract Background Traffic accidents are a major global public health problem with an impact on morbidity and mortality. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality trend from road accidents among young adults. Method An ecological time-series study was performed of the deaths of young (15-24 years old) in traffic accidents in the state of Parana, Brazil from 1996 to 2013. Mortality data was obtained from the Mortality Information System. Mortality rates were calculated and the trend analysis was performed through polynomial regression models. A trend was considered significant when the estimated model obtained a p-value <0.05. Accidents involving tricycles were excluded from the analysis (58 cases). Results Of the 12,063 deaths from road accidents, 82.0% were male. There was a significant and growing trend of accident mortality rates involving motorcyclists and car and pick-up truck occupants, and a decreasing trend of fatal accidents involving pedestrians. The average mortality rate for accidents involving motorcyclists was 10 deaths per 100,000 residents, an increase of 1.13 per year. Accidents involving car occupants increased annually by 0.43 and accidents involving pick-up truck occupants by 0.01. Conclusion There was a significant increasing trend for fatalities of both genders, especially motorcyclists and car occupants. The pedestrian mortality trend has shown a decreasing due to their lower exposure.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify various individual factors and combinations thereof that can contribute to truck drivers’ occupational accidents, particularly connected to work performed outside the cab in various work environments. Design/methodology/approach In total, 74 accidents were analysed through in-depth interviews with truck drivers. These interviews were conducted employing the critical incident technique, and analysed utilising a qualitative content analysis approach. Findings The contributing factors identified were categorised into 14 categories. In all, 13 of these were grouped into four sections reflecting the drivers’ work outside the cab: “Goods and equipment”, “Loading/unloading area”, “Loading/unloading tasks”, and “Organisation”. A single risk factor was associated with 40 accidents while the other 34 involved combinations of factors. Research limitations/implications Although the tasks performed by truck drivers in different countries are probably similar, one limitation might be that all the accidents characterised occurred in one country: Sweden. Practical implications The findings reveal that complex combinations of risk factors often contribute to accidents. In addition to the transportation company itself, other stakeholders, such as clients, and designers and manufacturers of technology, may influence the occupational safety of truck drivers. Different stakeholders who could contribute to managerial decision making that is designed to prevent accidents are identified and discussed. Originality/value This investigation contributes to an in-depth understanding of the causes of accidents in the transportation industry. The findings are discussed from the perspective of the stakeholders and safety management in an attempt to identify key stakeholders who can improve accident prevention.

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For decreasing the casualties and property losses in truck-involved fatal accidents, efforts to identify risk factors and their impacts on the fatal accidents are urgently needed. First, for scaling damage extent in fatal accident, truck occupant injury factor and accident size were selected from occupant- and crash- levels respectively. Then, a general structural model was built to explore the relationships between environmental, roadway, vehicle, driver factors and fatal accident severity. Afterwards, by analyzing 2010 data from the Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) database, a weighted least squares (WLS) based structural equation model (SEM) was adopted to estimate the parameters of the general structural model. Significant differences between various risk factors determining truck occupant injury factors and accident severity were identified. The results indicate that environmental, roadway, vehicle, and driver factors all have statistically significant effects on the accident size and truck occupant injury factors. However, the extent to which these risk factors impact these two latent endogenous variables differ significantly. Measurement models including different latent risk factors and the corresponding observed variables are then analyzed. The results show that main indicators affecting accident severity are: environmental and roadway factors such as weather, surface conditions; vehicle factors such as truck weight and body type; and driver factors such as age, driving experience, and history of crashes or convictions. Finally, several countermeasures are suggested for truck manufactures and safety planners with the goal of reducing the number and severity of fatal accidents involving trucks.

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According to the World Health Organisation, road traffic accidents are the leading cause of most emergency admissions in hospitals worldwide. Many people have indicated that road traffic collisions are a significant contributor to DALYs lost. For example, according to the World Health Survey in 2010, road traffic events have been reported as the ninth most common cause of injury-modified life years (DALYs) lost across all age and gender classes. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that one out of every 10 deaths in the world are caused by road traffic accidents. More than 200,000 people are killed in the United States each year from different reasons. The number of disabled people related to this disease will grow even further by 2020. There are nearly 1.5 million out of about 47 million people who are wounded in the highways every year in the United States Drivers were found to be more likely to saddle up for the journey as they set out on main roads. Car seat-belts can make driving more safe by reducing the effect made on the drivers and the passengers in the car. The driver's mood about the problem of distracted driving can be a critical factor in avoiding road traffic accidents. To be safe, drivers should have at least one restful day a week, should not drive for more than eight hours a day, should not travel more than 800 kilometers a day, and will need to have routine checks so that everything is going well and is running properly. Traffic laws, traffic signs, other vehicles, and many other items when on the road; drivers should not eat any nourishment, they should not consume any quantity of alcoholic beverages, they should not use electronic cigarettes, they should not put their mobile phones on.

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The increase of the number of forklifts is associated with the elevated threat of accidents and dangerous situations that should be systematically analyzed. On the occasion of the assessment, it is worth using accident ratios for given devices and dangerous situations. The article presents the results of research into the causes and effects of accidents at work of forklift trucks’ operators in 2011÷2017. The most serious accident occurred in the case of: loss of stability of the forklift truck at the bend, crush caused by the truck, impact by the truck’s load, impact by the truck itself. Most injuries arose in the case of: overturning when reversing the truck, overrunning employees’ leg, crush by the truck or its load, impact by the truck. The safety of work of the forklift trucks operators under full supervision has improved. Errors in the operation of trucks increased, which requires more frequent verification of operators' skills and the increase of their awareness of hazards.

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The probability of wind-induced failure accidents in three-axle trucks under pulsating strong crosswinds and the corresponding critical safe speed are investigated in this study. Reliability theory and random fuzzy methods are utilized to establish the membership function of the failure probability in the series system (FPSS) composed of rollover, side-slip, and rotation failure accidents. The Kaman spectrum is used to realistically simulate the fluctuating wind time history curves of different average speeds. Four factors affecting the six-component force coefficient of the three-axle truck and the crosswind load are considered: fluctuating average wind speed, wind direction (angle), truck driving speed, and road adhesion coefficient. A three-axle truck nonlinear model is established accordingly. The model is used to obtain the dynamic response of the three-axle truck under strong crosswind conditions as per the time-varying curves of the vertical load of the truck, the time-varying curves of the lateral displacement of the center of mass, and the time-varying curves of the heading angle. An advanced Monte Carlo simulation algorithm based on importance sampling is used to determine the probability of a three-axle truck with FPSS under strong crosswinds; the given acceptable probability of failure (accident) is used to obtain the critical safety speed. The sensitivity analysis of random variables reveals that the possibility of three truck failures of the three-axle truck in strong crosswinds is, from largest to smallest, rollover, side-slip, and rotation. This research may provide useful guidance for exploring the probability of wind-induced accidents and the critical safety speeds of vehicles, as well as useful general information for road transportation management departments.

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Introduction: The increasing number of vehicles and the proliferation of two-wheeled vehicles accentuate the frequency of fractures in our country. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of fractures in Cotonou. Materials and Methods: This prospective two-year study focused on all patients admitted to the emergency department of the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou for a fracture injury. Results: 1794 fractures were collected in 1432 patients. Fractures accounted for 24.9% of surgical emergencies. The average age was 33.7 years (29 days - 90 years). The dominance was male with a sex ratio of 3.62. Etiological circ*mstances were dominated by road traffic accidents (75.8%), The etiological circ*mstances were dominated by road accidents (75.8%), motorcyclists being the most affected (48.5%). The admission average was 27.33 hours (15 minutes - 29 days). Fractures preferentially sat on the lower limbs (64.4%). In descending order of frequency, were distinguished the fractures of leg (32.2%), of the femur (19.8%) and of the forearm (14.8%). Conclusion: fractures are common. The etiologies are dominated by traffic accident. The lesions predominate in the lower limb. The establishment of good road safety policy (improving track conditions, extension of the highway code ...) would reduce their frequency.

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To improve the accuracy of ship track prediction, a fractional-order gradient descent method is adopted into a recurrent neural network (RNN). The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. Identification of ship maneuvering behavior, atmospheric information, and oceanographic information is considered in vessel tack prediction. The ship track of Xiamen Port is predicted using the new algorithm. Error analysis is made with different factional orders and traffic busy degrees. Results show that the testing and training error differs with different fractional orders. The predicted track results can not only improve the efficiency of marine traffic management but also prevent and warn the safety accidents, so as to avoid accidents.

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Background: Road traffic accidents are an emerging global health problem. It is projected that road traffic injuries will move up to the third by the year 2020 among leading causes of the global disease burden.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 truck drivers in Dunkuni area Hooghly for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2018. By simple random sampling 248 truck drivers were selected from 641 registered drivers of the two-truck driver’s association. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics committee of AIIH and PH, Kolkata. After getting informed written consent for participation, the pre-designed pre-tested schedule was filled up. Data was analysed using SPSS16 version and bivariate analysis was done. For knowledge score (12 items), each item of positive response was scored as +2 and for negative response +1. Stress among truck drivers was assessed using perceived stress scale.Results: Mean age of the participants was 37 years. 24.2% participants studied up to secondary school and 134 (54%) belonged to class IV. 21.0% had history of alcohol addiction, 80.6% had high stress. Adequate knowledge of traffic sign was observed among 79.8% participants and overall adequate knowledge was found among 135 (54.4%) participants.Conclusions: Regular behavioural change communication sessions and intermittent sessions on safe-driving methods among truckers may prove beneficial in preventing road traffic accidents.

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This paper presents an overview of research on the behaviour of drivers in simulated accident situations. The research was carried out by the authors of this work as a part of a research N N509 549 040 funded by the National Science Centre including new accident situations. The paper presents a description of the methodology and implementation of research on a track. During the tests, the simulation concerns about an accident risk situation involving pedestrians and passenger cars intruding the road area. In contrast to earlier research carried out by the authors, the scenario included the possibility of a pedestrian ‘entering’ from behind a curtain, both from the left and from the right sides of the road. This was possible thanks to a specially developed test stand. The paper analyses the values of driver’s reaction times characteristic to driver’s impact on: acceleration control pedals, service brake and steering wheel. In addition to the determination of average reaction time values and the regression line for the test group of 30 drivers, the assessment of the frequency of drivers taking individual defensive reactions was carried out. Keywords: traffic safety; collision; road accidents; regression equation; simulation.